Public debt

This entry records the cumulative total of all government borrowings less repayments that are denominated in a country's home currency. Public debt should not be confused with external debt, which reflects the foreign currency liabilities of both the private and public sector and must be financed out of foreign exchange earnings.

Afghanistan

7% of GDP (2017 est.)

Albania

82.38% of GDP (2021 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Algeria

27.5% of GDP (2017 est.)

note: data cover central government debt as well as debt issued by subnational entities and intra-governmental debt

American Samoa

12.2% of GDP (2016 est.)

Andorra

41% of GDP (2014 est.)

Angola

65% of GDP (2017 est.)

Anguilla

20.1% of GDP (2015 est.)

Antigua and Barbuda

86.8% of GDP (2017 est.)

Argentina

57.6% of GDP (2017 est.)

Armenia

46.55% of GDP (2022 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Aruba

86% of GDP (2017 est.)

Australia

57.97% of GDP (2022 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Austria

75.05% of GDP (2022 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Azerbaijan

16.82% of GDP (2021 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Bahamas, The

82.16% of GDP (2022 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Bahrain

115.52% of GDP (2020 est.)

Bangladesh

33.1% of GDP (2017 est.)

Barbados

146.46% of GDP (2016 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Belarus

33.24% of GDP (2019 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Belgium

94.04% of GDP (2022 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Belize

99% of GDP (2017 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Benin

54.6% of GDP (2017 est.)

Bermuda

43% of GDP (FY14/15)

Bhutan

111.01% of GDP (2020 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Bolivia

49% of GDP (2017 est.)

note: data cover general government debt and includes debt instruments issued by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities

Bosnia and Herzegovina

41.74% of GDP (2022 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Botswana

19.62% of GDP (2020 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Brazil

79.1% of GDP (2022 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Brunei

2.8% of GDP (2017 est.)

Bulgaria

30.3% of GDP (2022 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Burkina Faso

62.53% of GDP (2022 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Burma

33.6% of GDP (2017 est.)

Burundi

51.7% of GDP (2017 est.)

Cabo Verde

125.8% of GDP (2017 est.)

Cambodia

30.4% of GDP (2017 est.)

Cameroon

36.9% of GDP (2017 est.)

Canada

61.42% of GDP (2022 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Central African Republic

52.9% of GDP (2017 est.)

Chad

52.5% of GDP (2017 est.)

Chile

23.6% of GDP (2017 est.)

China

47% of GDP (2017 est.)

note: official data; data cover both central and local government debt, including debt officially recognized by China's National Audit Office report in 2011; data exclude policy bank bonds, Ministry of Railway debt, and China Asset Management Company debt

Colombia

70.14% of GDP (2022 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Comoros

32.4% of GDP (2017 est.)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the

15.99% of GDP (2022 est.)

Congo, Republic of the

130.8% of GDP (2017 est.)

Costa Rica

71.11% of GDP (2022 est.)

Cote d'Ivoire

47% of GDP (2017 est.)

Croatia

82.08% of GDP (2022 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Cuba

47.7% of GDP (2017 est.)

Cyprus

97.5% of GDP (2017 est.)

note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data exclude debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment

Czechia

34.7% of GDP (2017 est.)

Denmark

35.3% of GDP (2017 est.)

note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions

Djibouti

31.8% of GDP (2017 est.)

Dominica

82.7% of GDP (2017 est.)

Dominican Republic

37.2% of GDP (2017 est.)

Ecuador

45.4% of GDP (2017 est.)

Egypt

103% of GDP (2017 est.)

note: data cover central government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are sold at public auctions

El Salvador

66.47% of GDP (2021 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Equatorial Guinea

37.4% of GDP (2017 est.)

Eritrea

131.2% of GDP (2017 est.)

Estonia

25.2% of GDP (2022 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Eswatini

35.4% of GDP (2021 est.)

Ethiopia

31.45% of GDP (2019 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

European Union

86.8% of GDP (2014)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)

0% of GDP (2015 est.)

Faroe Islands

35% of GDP (2014 est.)

Fiji

48.9% of GDP (2017 est.)

Finland

61.3% of GDP (2017 est.)

note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions

France

98.66% of GDP (2022 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Gabon

62.7% of GDP (2017 est.)

Gambia, The

88% of GDP (2017 est.)

Georgia

42.97% of GDP (2022 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Germany

63.9% of GDP (2017 est.)

note: general government gross debt is defined in the Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year in the following categories of government liabilities (as defined in ESA95): currency and deposits (AF.2), securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives (AF.3, excluding AF.34), and loans (AF.4); the general government sector comprises the sub-sectors of central government, state government, local government and social security funds; the series are presented as a percentage of GDP and in millions of euros; GDP used as a denominator is the gross domestic product at current market prices; data expressed in national currency are converted into euro using end-of-year exchange rates provided by the European Central Bank

Ghana

71.8% of GDP (2017 est.)

Greece

203.29% of GDP (2022 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Greenland

13% of GDP (2015 est.)

Grenada

70.4% of GDP (2017 est.)

Guam

22.1% of GDP (2016 est.)

Guatemala

31.56% of GDP (2020 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Guinea

37.9% of GDP (2017 est.)

Guinea-Bissau

53.9% of GDP (2017 est.)

Guyana

52.2% of GDP (2017 est.)

Haiti

31.1% of GDP (2017 est.)

Honduras

39.5% of GDP (2017 est.)

Hong Kong

0.1% of GDP (2017 est.)

Hungary

75.53% of GDP (2022 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Iceland

86.5% of GDP (2022 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

India

46.52% of GDP (2018 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Indonesia

45.34% of GDP (2022 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Iran

39.5% of GDP (2017 est.)

note: includes publicly guaranteed debt

Iraq

27.44% of GDP (2018 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Ireland

46.71% of GDP (2022 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Israel

72.6% of GDP (2020 est.)

Italy

131.8% of GDP (2017 est.)

note: Italy reports its data on public debt according to guidelines set out in the Maastricht Treaty; general government gross debt is defined in the Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year, in the following categories of government liabilities (as defined in ESA95): currency and deposits (AF.2), securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives (AF.3, excluding AF.34), and loans (AF.4); the general government sector comprises central, state, and local government and social security funds

Jamaica

106.28% of GDP (2020 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Japan

216.21% of GDP (2022 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Jordan

101.14% of GDP (2022 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Kazakhstan

22.41% of GDP (2021 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Kenya

54.2% of GDP (2017 est.)

Kiribati

26.3% of GDP (2017 est.)

Korea, South

51.18% of GDP (2022 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Kosovo

21.2% of GDP (2017 est.)

Kuwait

20.6% of GDP (2017 est.)

Kyrgyzstan

47.09% of GDP (2022 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Laos

63.6% of GDP (2017 est.)

Latvia

36.3% of GDP (2017 est.)

note: data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities, including sub-sectors of central government, state government, local government, and social security funds

Lebanon

146.8% of GDP (2017 est.)

note: data cover central government debt and exclude debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment

Lesotho

2.99% of GDP (2020 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Liberia

34.4% of GDP (2017 est.)

Libya

4.7% of GDP (2017 est.)

Lithuania

36.05% of GDP (2022 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Luxembourg

23% of GDP (2017 est.)

note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions

Macau

0% of GDP (2017 est.)

Madagascar

36% of GDP (2017 est.)

Malawi

52.63% of GDP (2022 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Malaysia

60.27% of GDP (2022 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Maldives

63.9% of GDP (2017 est.)

Mali

35.4% of GDP (2017 est.)

Malta

50.7% of GDP (2017 est.)

note: Malta reports public debt at nominal value outstanding at the end of the year, according to guidelines set out in the Maastricht Treaty for general government gross debt; the data include the following categories of government liabilities (as defined in ESA95): currency and deposits (AF.2), securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives (AF.3, excluding AF.34), and loans (AF.4); general government comprises the central, state, and local governments, and social security funds

Marshall Islands

41.73% of GDP (2019 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Mauritania

96.6% of GDP (2017 est.)

Mauritius

57.96% of GDP (2019 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Mexico

44.05% of GDP (2022 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Micronesia, Federated States of

27.86% of GDP (2020 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Moldova

34.52% of GDP (2022 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Mongolia

67.57% of GDP (2021 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Montenegro

67.2% of GDP (2017 est.)

note: data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions

Morocco

65.1% of GDP (2017 est.)

Mozambique

78.62% of GDP (2022 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Namibia

4.64% of GDP (2019 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Nauru

62% of GDP (2017 est.)

Nepal

39.92% of GDP (2021 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Netherlands

56.5% of GDP (2017 est.)

note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment, debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions

New Caledonia

6.5% of GDP (2015 est.)

New Zealand

54.57% of GDP (2022 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Nicaragua

33.3% of GDP (2017 est.)

note: official data; data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by Government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as retirement, medical care, and unemployment, debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions; Nicaragua rebased its GDP figures in 2012, which reduced the figures for debt as a percentage of GDP

Niger

45.3% of GDP (2017 est.)

Nigeria

21.8% of GDP (2017 est.)

North Macedonia

39.3% of GDP (2017 est.)

note: official data from Ministry of Finance; data cover central government debt; this data excludes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; includes treasury debt held by foreign entitites; excludes debt issued by sub-national entities; there are no debt instruments sold for social funds

Northern Mariana Islands

7.1% of GDP (2017 est.)

Norway

36.5% of GDP (2017 est.)

note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data exclude treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data exclude debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions

Oman

46.9% of GDP (2017 est.)

note: excludes indebtedness of state-owned enterprises

Pakistan

67% of GDP (2017 est.)

Palau

85.24% of GDP (2019 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Panama

37.8% of GDP (2017 est.)

Papua New Guinea

48.26% of GDP (2022 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Paraguay

19.5% of GDP (2017 est.)

Peru

35.25% of GDP (2021 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Philippines

39.9% of GDP (2017 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Poland

50.6% of GDP (2017 est.)

note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities, the data include subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions

Portugal

125.7% of GDP (2017 est.)

note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions

Puerto Rico

51.6% of GDP (2017 est.)

Qatar

53.8% of GDP (2017 est.)

Romania

50.45% of GDP (2022 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Russia

19.51% of GDP (2022 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Rwanda

40.5% of GDP (2017 est.)

Saint Kitts and Nevis

62.9% of GDP (2017 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Saint Lucia

70.7% of GDP (2017 est.)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

73.8% of GDP (2017 est.)

Samoa

49.1% of GDP (2017 est.)

San Marino

95.12% of GDP (2021 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Sao Tome and Principe

88.4% of GDP (2017 est.)

Saudi Arabia

17.2% of GDP (2017 est.)

Senegal

48.3% of GDP (2017 est.)

Serbia

62.5% of GDP (2017 est.)

Seychelles

63.6% of GDP (2017 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Sierra Leone

63.9% of GDP (2017 est.)

Singapore

150.14% of GDP (2021 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Slovakia

64.51% of GDP (2022 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Slovenia

73.6% of GDP (2017 est.)

note: defined by the EU's Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year in the following categories of government liabilities: currency and deposits, securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives, and loans; general government sector comprises the central, state, local government, and social security funds

Solomon Islands

15.39% of GDP (2022 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Somalia

76.7% of GDP (2017 est.)

South Africa

76.55% of GDP (2022 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

South Sudan

62.7% of GDP (2017 est.)

Spain

111.43% of GDP (2022 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Sri Lanka

79.1% of GDP (2017 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Sudan

121.6% of GDP (2017 est.)

Suriname

69.3% of GDP (2017 est.)

Sweden

36.25% of GDP (2022 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Switzerland

17.8% of GDP (2022 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Syria

94.8% of GDP (2017 est.)

Taiwan

35.7% of GDP (2017 est.)

note: data for central government

Tajikistan

50.4% of GDP (2017 est.)

Tanzania

37% of GDP (2017 est.)

Thailand

60.35% of GDP (2022 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Timor-Leste

3.8% of GDP (2017 est.)

Togo

75.7% of GDP (2017 est.)

Tonga

45.02% of GDP (2020 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Trinidad and Tobago

41.8% of GDP (2017 est.)

Tunisia

70.3% of GDP (2017 est.)

Turkey (Turkiye)

35.25% of GDP (2022 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Turkmenistan

28.8% of GDP (2017 est.)

Tuvalu

37% of GDP (2017 est.)

Uganda

53.89% of GDP (2022 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Ukraine

58.72% of GDP (2020 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

United Arab Emirates

19.7% of GDP (2017 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

United Kingdom

142.28% of GDP (2022 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

United States

110.39% of GDP (2022 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Uruguay

60.28% of GDP (2020 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Uzbekistan

24.3% of GDP (2017 est.)

Vanuatu

87.07% of GDP (2021 est.)

Venezuela

38.9% of GDP (2017 est.)

note: data cover central government debt, as well as the debt of state-owned oil company PDVSA; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include some debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; some debt instruments for the social funds are sold at public auctions

Vietnam

58.5% of GDP (2017 est.)

note: official data; data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions